Although Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) had already
accomplished himself as a composer of violin sonatas
and of sacred music, nothing propelled his career more
than his first set of concertos -- L'estro armonico
(Op.3) -- which first appeared in 1711. Besides being
widely popular with both musicians and audiences of the
day, L'estro armonico had a significant impact on the
development of the relatively new solo-concerto. The
set's influence was felt all across Europe -- no less a
figure than J.S. B...(+)
Although Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) had already
accomplished himself as a composer of violin sonatas
and of sacred music, nothing propelled his career more
than his first set of concertos -- L'estro armonico
(Op.3) -- which first appeared in 1711. Besides being
widely popular with both musicians and audiences of the
day, L'estro armonico had a significant impact on the
development of the relatively new solo-concerto. The
set's influence was felt all across Europe -- no less a
figure than J.S. Bach transcribed six of the Op.3
concertos for keyboard.
La Stravaganza (Op. 4) appeared shortly after, in
around 1713, and was dedicated to Vettor Dolfin (the
surname given in its Tuscan form, Delfino), a young
Venetian noble to whom Vivaldi had taught the violin.
While enormously successful in it's own right, this set
of twelve concertos was a complete departure from Op.3.
While the influence of the Corellian concerto grosso
had been significant in L'estro armonico, in La
Stravaganza Vivaldi severed himself completely from
past traditions. The Op.4 set is characterized by
harmonic daring, passage work bordering on the bizarre,
and a new, uniquely flexible, solo-concerto "form" that
would become so typical of Vivaldi. The originality and
variety of material is also noteworthy; each work seems
to systematically refute a different aspect of the
traditional concerto, and even some standards of
composition at the time. All this is not without its
own sense of musical humor. However, the set also
demonstrates the care the composer took over the
selection and grouping of works destined for
publication; i.e. grouping the concertos into pairs --
one major, one minor -- with an adjustment made to
ensure that the whole set ends in major.
The Op.4 concertos are the earliest examples of a
theatri al conception of the solo concerto to be
offered to international audiences of music lovers.
This, even more than Vivaldi's daring writing for the
solo violin, is the true significance of the word
stravaganza in the title. Indeed, among Vivaldi's
printed works, the road to the future is marked by the
Stravaganza concerti rather than those of L'estro
armonico. Vivaldi would never retrace his steps in the
direction of Op.3, and the collections which followed
Op.4 further develop the concept of the instrumental
solo as outlined in Op.4.
This Concerto in B-flat for violin, 4-part strings and
continuo, RV 383a, is first in the Op.4 set. As Op.4
goes, this concerto begins relatively
straight-forwardly.
The first movement, Allegro, serves admirably to give
La Stravaganza a lively start, but stays well with in
the norms established later on in the set.
The second movement, Largo, displays some
extraordinarily beautiful writing for the violin during
an extended solo, which in itself is noteworthy as it
was not uncommon for "slow" movements of the period to
consist of little more than a few punctuating
chords.
The final Allegro is, it seems, a joke on form... the
"opening" tutti, though wonderfully written, is so long
that it takes up a full two-thirds of the movement! By
the time the violin solo finally arrives, it is as if
the composer ran out of ideas -- the violin solo goes
on quite a while simply playing chord progressions,
never really introducing any melodic material. After an
extended opening tutti and an extended violin solo, one
might get the feeling as the second tutti passage
arrives that this movement is going to go on for
several more minutes, but here Vivaldi takes a
proverbial left-turn. To extend the metaphor, he slams
on the brakes with some skillfully placed
diminished-seventh chords, and brings the entire
concerto to a sudden, but efficient, end.
Although originally scored for Violin and Strings (2
Violins, Viola, Cello, Bass & Continuo), I created this
arrangement for String Quartet (2 Violins, Viola &
Cello).
SHEET MUSIC