As organist at Weimar, Johann Sebastian Bach was
charged with providing a harmonic underpinning for the
singing of Lutheran chorale tunes chosen for each day.
Bach wrote out many of these harmonizations, in part as
instruction for younger composers (they are still used
for this purpose). A derivation of this practice,
Bach's conception of the organ chorale, as manifested
in the chorale preludes, dates from 1713 -1714, about
the time he became familiar with Vivaldi's
concertos.
Bach's Or...(+)
As organist at Weimar, Johann Sebastian Bach was
charged with providing a harmonic underpinning for the
singing of Lutheran chorale tunes chosen for each day.
Bach wrote out many of these harmonizations, in part as
instruction for younger composers (they are still used
for this purpose). A derivation of this practice,
Bach's conception of the organ chorale, as manifested
in the chorale preludes, dates from 1713 -1714, about
the time he became familiar with Vivaldi's
concertos.
Bach's Orgelbüchlein (Little Organ Book) contains
chorale preludes for the church year written during the
composer's service at Weimar (1708 - 1717). In about
1713, Bach began assembling the Orgel-Büchlein, and
his earliest entries seem to be Her Christ, der ein'ge
Gottes-Sohn, BWV 601, In dulci jubilo, BWV 608, Christ
ist erstanden, BWV 627, and Heut' triumphieret Gottes
Sohn, BWV 630. These were very original compositions,
highly expressive miniatures based on a chorale melody,
supported with refined counterpoint, and featuring
highly condensed motivic writing.
Bach's Orgelbüchlein was essentially complete by 1716.
Only the fragment O Traurigkeit and the chorale
prelude, Helft mir Gottes Güte preisen, BWV 613, were
added later. "Complete" is used with some reservation
here, because Bach originally projected 164 pieces but
completed fewer than 50. In Bach's manuscript, pages
with finished pieces alternate with blank ones intended
for other chorale preludes. The later pieces differ
from Bach's earlier chorale elaborations, in that they
contain only one statement of the melody and are
intended to demonstrate how to accompany a chorale with
contrapuntally proper figurations that support the
meaning of the text.
In the early 1740s Bach assembled a number of chorale
preludes, possibly with the intention of publishing
them as a set. These Achtzehn Choräle (Eighteen
Chorales) BWV 651 - 668 were almost certainly written
before 1723 and revised later. The Fantasia super Komm,
heiliger Geist, BWV 651 is an especially impressive,
extended elaboration of the chorale melody, which is in
the pedal. The tune is treated in a less ornate fashion
in the next prelude of the set (BWV 652). The highly
convoluted Von Gott will ich nicht lassen, BWV 658 also
contains the chorale melody in the pedal.
The six Schübler chorales (BWV 645 - 650) are derived
from Bach's cantatas and contain one of his most
popular chorale preludes, on the melody Wachet auf,
ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 645.
The third part of Bach's Clavier-Übung, published in
Leipzig in 1739, contains 21 chorale preludes (not all
appear in every publication), many of which are for
manuals only. Nine of these are meant for use during
the Mass, while the others are for the catechism. Among
the most impressive is Kyrie, Gott heiliger Geist, BWV
671, which is in five voices with the chorale melody in
the pedal. More complex is the first of two preludes on
Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir, BWV 686, which is in
six parts, including two pedal parts.
A good many works, possibly authored by Johann
Sebastian Bach, are regularly performed and recorded
despite their status as "doubtful" or "spurious." This
one, "Vater unser im Himmelreich" (Our Father who art
in heaven), is in the latter category, and if it is a
fake, it is a fairly worthwhile one as it has achieved
a decent level of currency in at least the recording
venue. Moreover, Zoltán Kodály must have at least
been convinced of its artistic worth since he fashioned
a quite effective and now fairly well-known arrangement
of it for cello and piano. The original Chorale Prelude
is a quite beautiful work, written in a style that may
have come from Bach's early years, perhaps around 1700.
The work shows the influence of Buxtehude and uses a
cantus firmus, with accompaniment derived from the
theme and mostly imitating and anticipating parts of
it. The music gently and modestly begins in single
notes and then grows fuller. After the brief
introductory episode, where the chorale theme is
anticipated, the accompaniment becomes more animated
and colorful. While the music throughout is slightly
somber, it is also quite graceful and lovely and should
appeal to a wide audience. The piece typically has a
duration of two-and-a-half minutes.
Source: Allmusic
(http://www.allmusic.com/composition/vater-unser-im-him
melreich-v-chorale-prelude-for-organ-bwv-762-bc-k113-mc
0002407637).
Although originally written for Pipe Organ, I created
this Interpretation of the Chorale Prelude (BWV 762)
"Vater unser im Himmelreich" (Our father in Heaven) for
String Quartet (2 Violins, Viola & Cello).
SHEET MUSIC