Bach J.s. - Four Orchestral Suites Bwv1066-1069 - Conducteur Poche

SKU: HL.44011763

UPC: 884088896607. 9x12 inches. English-German-French-Dutch.

The hymn Nun ruhen alle Walder (Now All Forests Rest), arranged by J.S. Bach (No. 6, So sei nun, Seele, deine, from Cantata BWV 13), is a guiding light throughout this four-movement composition. Pütz wrote this work as a musical outcry against the wilful, profit-driven destruction of our environment. When Bach used the word ruhen (to rest) over 350 years ago, it probably had a different nuance from the meaning it has today. At the beginning of the 21st century - the so-called age of progress - nun ruhen alle Walder should mean now all forests die . Massive industrialization and globalization, coupled with pure greed, corruption, political scandals, an ever-wideninggap between the rich and poor, and other such senseless human actions, are pushing our blue planet closer and closer to the point of no return. This work is not intended to be a ranting accusation. It should remind us of the beauty and harmony that can exist all around us in nature, if we take care of it. Pütz hopes that this will, one day, help put a greater emphasis on humanity's survival, and coexistence with nature rather than the exploitation described earlier. All four texts were created by Australian poet Graeme King, whose works were discovered by Pütz, by chance on the internet. Pütz was especially captivated by King's clarity, and intrigued by the possibilities of adapting and melding the strong rhythmical structure of King's writing with his own musical language. The four movements are as follows: 1. Tears of Nature 2. Grrrevolution 3. Stand up! 4. Tomorrow The world premiere of Four Earth Songs took place on 7 July 2009 at the 14th WASBE-Conference in Cincinnati (USA). This work is dedicated in friendship to Jouke Hoekstra, conductor, and the Frysk Fanfare Orkest (the Frisian Fanfare-Orchestra).

De hymne Nun ruhen alle Walder, gearrangeerd door J.S. Bach (nr. 6, So sei nun, Seele, deine, uit cantate BWV 13), is de leidraad in deze vierdelige compositie. Putz schreef het werk als een muzikaal protest tegen de moedwillige,op winstbejag gebaseerde vernietiging van ons milieu. Toen Bach het woord 'ruhen' (rusten) meer dan 350 jaar geleden gebruikte, lag er waarschijnlijk een andere nuance in dan tegenwoordig. Aan het begin van de 21e eeuw - dezogenaamde eeuw van de vooruitgang - zou 'nun ruhen alle Walder' zelfs kunnen betekenen: 'nu sterven alle bossen'. De grootschalige industrialisatie en globalisering, in combinatie met pure hebzucht, corruptie, politieke schandalen,een groeiende kloof tussen arm en rijk, en andere dwaze menselijke verrichtingen, brengen onze blauwe planeet steeds verder in de problemen, tot er misschien geen weg terug meer is. Dit werk is niet bedoeld als een beschuldigendetirade. Het moet ons wijzen op de schoonheid en harmonie die in de natuur om ons heen kan bestaan, als we er goed voor zorgen. Putz hoopt dat er op een dag meer nadruk gelegd zal worden op het overleven van de mensheid invreedzame co-existentie met de natuur, zonder de eerdergenoemde uitbuiting. Alle vier de teksten zijn geschreven door de Australische dichter Graeme King, wiens werk Putz bij toeval tegenkwam op het internet. Hij werd getroffendoor Kings helderheid en raakte geintrigeerd door de mogelijkheid de sterke ritmische structuur van Kings teksten om te zetten in zijn eigen muzikale taal. De vier delen zijn de volgende: 1. Tears of Nature 2. Grrrevolution 3.Stand up! 4. Tomorrow De wereldpremiere van Four Earth Songs vond plaats op 7 juli 2009 tijdens de 14e WASBE Conference in Cincinnati (VS). Dit werk is in vriendschap opgedragen aan dirigent Jouke Hoekstra en zijn Fryskt Fanfare

Der Choral Nun ruhen alle Walder, hier in einer Bearbeitung von J.S. Bach (Nr. 6 So sei nun, Seele, deine aus der Kantate BWV 13), zieht sich wie ein roter Faden durch diese viersatzige Komposition, die als musikalischer Aufschrei (Anfang!) gegen die mutwillige, profitgesteuerte Zerstorung unserer Umwelt gedacht ist. Sicher hatte das Wort ruhen vor über 350 Jahren, als der Liedtext entstand, eine andere Bedeutung als heute. Zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, im sogenannten Zeitalter des Fortschritts, müsste es leider wohl eher heissen: Nun sterben alle Walder... Massive Industrialisierung, Globalisierung, aber auch Profitgier, Korruption, politische Unfahigkeit,krasse Unterschiede zwischen arm und reich, und schlussendlich die Uneinsichtigkeit des einzelnen Menschen haben dazu geführt, dass der Blaue Planet heute kurz vor dem Kollaps steht. Dieses Werk soll jedoch nicht nur anklagen, es soll auch die verbliebenen Schonheiten unserer Natur aufzeigen, in der Hoffnung, dass es einmal gelingen wird, die Rettung der Natur und den Schutz der Umwelt über die oben genannten Interessen zu stellen. Alle vier Texte stammen aus der Feder des australischen Dichters Graeme King, dessen Werk der Komponist durch einen glücklichen Zufall im Internet entdeckte. Besonders inspirierend war die Direktheit von Graemes Aussagen, aber auch die kraftvolle Rhythmik seiner Verse mit den daraus resultierenden Moglichkeiten der musikalischen Umsetzung. Die vier Satze sind wie folgt überschrieben: 1. Tears of Nature 2. Grrrevolution 3. Stand up! 4. Tomorrow Die offizielle Uraufführung von Four Earth Songs fand am 7. Juli 2009 statt, anlasslich der 14. WASBE-Konferenz in Cincinnati (USA). Das Werk ist dem Dirigenten Jouke Hoekstra und dem Frysk Fanfare Orkest (Friesischen Fanfareorchester) in aller Freundschaft gewidmet.

Le cantique Nun ruhen alle Walder, dont la ligne melodique fut reprise par Jean-Sebastien Bach pour son choral So sein nun, Seele, deine (Choral ndeg6 - Cantate BWV 13), est le fil conducteur de cette oeuvre en quatre mouvements concue comme un cri contre la destruction volontaire de la nature pour le profit. Plus de trois siecles nous separent du temps de Bach. Si les mots sont restes les memes, leur sens primitif connait cependant quelques nuances. Ainsi, au XXIe siecle - considere comme le << siecle du progres >>, il conviendrait de traduire Nun ruhen alle Walder (les forets se reposent ) par Les forets se meurent. La mondialisation et l'industrialisation massiveassociees a l'avidite predatrice, a la corruption politique, aux actions humaines irrationnelles et au fosse grandissant entre riches et pauvres conduisent notre planete bleue a se rapprocher chaque jour un peu plus du point de non retour. Cette composition n'est pas une accusation acerbe, mais plutot une exhortation a prendre soin de cette beaute si harmonieuse que nous offre la nature. Et peut-etre, prendrons-nous enfin conscience de l'importance d'une situation de coexistence avec la nature, necessaire pour la survie de l'espece humaine, et non d'exploitation qui conduit a la destruction. Un jour, alors qu'il naviguait sur Internet, Marco Pütz decouvrit l'oeuvre du poete australien Graeme King. Fascine par la clarte de l'ecriture et le rythme des vers, Marco Pütz imagina les multiples possibilites d'adaptation et de mise en musique qu'offrent les poemes de King. Il choisit quatre poemes sur la nature pour creer son oeuvre Four Earth Songs (Quatre chants de la terre). 1. Tears of Nature (Les larmes de la Nature) 2. Grrrevolution 3. Stand up! (Levez-vous !) 4. Tomorrow (Demain) Four Earth Songs est dedie amicalement a l'Orchestre de Fanfare de Frise (Frysk Fanfare Orkest) et a son chef, Jouke Hoekstra. L'oeuvre a ete donnee en creation mondiale par l'orchestre dedicataire a l'occasion de la 14eme Convention de la WASBE a Cincinnati aux.

SKU: BT.DHP-1094768-010

9x12 inches. English-German-French-Dutch.

The hymn Nun ruhen alle Wälder (Now All Forests Rest), arranged by J.S. Bach (No. 6, So sei nun, Seele, deine, from Cantata BWV 13), is a guiding light throughout this four-movement composition. Pütz wrote this work as a musical outcry against the wilful, profit-driven destruction of our environment. When Bach used the word “ruhen” (to rest) over 350 years ago, it probably had a different nuance from the meaning it has today. At the beginning of the 21st century - the so-called age of progress - “nun ruhen alle Wälder” should mean “now all forests die” . Massive industrialization and globalization, coupled with pure greed, corruption, political scandals, an ever-wideninggap between the rich and poor, and other such senseless human actions, are pushing our blue planet closer and closer to the point of no return. This work is not intended to be a ranting accusation. It should remind us of the beauty and harmony that can exist all around us in nature, if we take care of it. Pütz hopes that this will, one day, help put a greater emphasis on humanity’s survival, and coexistence with nature rather than the exploitation described earlier. All four texts were created by Australian poet Graeme King, whose works were discovered by Pütz, by chance on the internet. Pütz was especially captivated by King’s clarity, and intrigued by the possibilities of adapting and melding the strong rhythmical structure of King’s writing with his own musical language. The four movements are as follows: 1. Tears of Nature 2. Grrrevolution 3. Stand up! 4. Tomorrow The world première of Four Earth Songs took place on 7 July 2009 at the 14th WASBE-Conference in Cincinnati (USA). This work is dedicated in friendship to Jouke Hoekstra, conductor, and the Frysk Fanfare Orkest (the Frisian Fanfare-Orchestra).

De hymne Nun ruhen alle Wälder, gearrangeerd door J.S. Bach (nr. 6, So sei nun, Seele, deine, uit cantate BWV 13), is de leidraad in deze vierdelige compositie. Pütz schreef het werk als een muzikaal protest tegen de moedwillige,op winstbejag gebaseerde vernietiging van ons milieu. Toen Bach het woord ‘ruhen’ (rusten) meer dan 350 jaar geleden gebruikte, lag er waarschijnlijk een andere nuance in dan tegenwoordig. Aan het begin van de 21e eeuw - dezogenaamde eeuw van de vooruitgang - zou ‘nun ruhen alle Wälder’ zelfs kunnen betekenen: ‘nu sterven alle bossen’. De grootschalige industrialisatie en globalisering, in combinatie met pure hebzucht, corruptie, politieke schandalen,een groeiende kloof tussen arm en rijk, en andere dwaze menselijke verrichtingen, brengen onze blauwe planeet steeds verder in de problemen, tot er misschien geen weg terug meer is. Dit werk is niet bedoeld als een beschuldigendetirade. Het moet ons wijzen op de schoonheid en harmonie die in de natuur om ons heen kan bestaan, als we er goed voor zorgen. Pütz hoopt dat er op een dag meer nadruk gelegd zal worden op het overleven van de mensheid invreedzame co-existentie met de natuur, zonder de eerdergenoemde uitbuiting. Alle vier de teksten zijn geschreven door de Australische dichter Graeme King, wiens werk Pütz bij toeval tegenkwam op het internet. Hij werd getroffendoor Kings helderheid en raakte ge ntrigeerd door de mogelijkheid de sterke ritmische structuur van Kings teksten om te zetten in zijn eigen muzikale taal. De vier delen zijn de volgende: 1. Tears of Nature 2. Grrrevolution 3.Stand up! 4. Tomorrow De wereldpremière van Four Earth Songs vond plaats op 7 juli 2009 tijdens de 14e WASBE Conference in Cincinnati (VS). Dit werk is in vriendschap opgedragen aan dirigent Jouke Hoekstra en zijn Fryskt Fanfare

Der Choral Nun ruhen alle Wälder, hier in einer Bearbeitung von J.S. Bach (Nr. 6 So sei nun, Seele, deine aus der Kantate BWV 13), zieht sich wie ein roter Faden durch diese viersätzige Komposition, die als musikalischer Aufschrei (Anfang!) gegen die mutwillige, profitgesteuerte Zerstörung unserer Umwelt gedacht ist. Sicher hatte das Wort ruhen“ vor über 350 Jahren, als der Liedtext entstand, eine andere Bedeutung als heute. Zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, im sogenannten Zeitalter des Fortschritts, müsste es leider wohl eher heißen: Nun sterben alle Wälder“... Massive Industrialisierung, Globalisierung, aber auch Profitgier, Korruption, politische Unfähigkeit,krasse Unterschiede zwischen arm und reich, und schlussendlich die Uneinsichtigkeit des einzelnen Menschen haben dazu geführt, dass der Blaue Planet“ heute kurz vor dem Kollaps steht. Dieses Werk soll jedoch nicht nur anklagen, es soll auch die verbliebenen Schönheiten unserer Natur aufzeigen, in der Hoffnung, dass es einmal gelingen wird, die Rettung der Natur und den Schutz der Umwelt über die oben genannten Interessen zu stellen. Alle vier Texte stammen aus der Feder des australischen Dichters Graeme King, dessen Werk der Komponist durch einen glücklichen Zufall im Internet entdeckte. Besonders inspirierend war die Direktheit von Graemes Aussagen, aber auch die kraftvolle Rhythmik seiner Verse mit den daraus resultierenden Möglichkeiten der musikalischen Umsetzung. Die vier Sätze sind wie folgt überschrieben: 1. Tears of Nature 2. Grrrevolution 3. Stand up! 4. Tomorrow Die offizielle Uraufführung von Four Earth Songs fand am 7. Juli 2009 statt, anlässlich der 14. WASBE-Konferenz in Cincinnati (USA). Das Werk ist dem Dirigenten Jouke Hoekstra und dem Frysk Fanfare Orkest (Friesischen Fanfareorchester) in aller Freundschaft gewidmet.

Le cantique Nun ruhen alle Wälder, dont la ligne mélodique fut reprise par Jean-Sébastien Bach pour son choral So sein nun, Seele, deine (Choral n°6 - Cantate BWV 13), est le fil conducteur de cette oeuvre en quatre mouvements conçue comme un cri contre la destruction volontaire de la nature pour le profit. Plus de trois siècles nous séparent du temps de Bach. Si les mots sont restés les mêmes, leur sens primitif connaît cependant quelques nuances. Ainsi, au XXIe siècle - considéré comme le « siècle du progrès », il conviendrait de traduire Nun ruhen alle Wälder (“les forêts se reposent “) par “Les forêts se meurent”. La mondialisation et l’industrialisation massiveassociées l’avidité prédatrice, la corruption politique, aux actions humaines irrationnelles et au fossé grandissant entre riches et pauvres conduisent notre planète bleue se rapprocher chaque jour un peu plus du point de non retour. Cette composition n’est pas une accusation acerbe, mais plutôt une exhortation prendre soin de cette beauté si harmonieuse que nous offre la nature. Et peut-être, prendrons-nous enfin conscience de l’importance d’une situation de coexistence avec la nature, nécessaire pour la survie de l’espèce humaine, et non d’exploitation qui conduit la destruction. Un jour, alors qu’il naviguait sur Internet, Marco Pütz découvrit l’oeuvre du poète australien Graeme King. Fasciné par la clarté de l’écriture et le rythme des vers, Marco Pütz imagina les multiples possibilités d’adaptation et de mise en musique qu’offrent les poèmes de King. Il choisit quatre poèmes sur la nature pour créer son oeuvre Four Earth Songs (Quatre chants de la terre). 1. Tears of Nature (Les larmes de la Nature) 2. Grrrevolution 3. Stand up! (Levez-vous !) 4. Tomorrow (Demain) Four Earth Songs est dédié amicalement l’Orchestre de Fanfare de Frise (Frysk Fanfare Orkest) et son chef, Jouke Hoekstra. L’oeuvre a été donnée en création mondiale par l’orchestre dédicataire l’occasion de la 14ème Convention de la WASBE Cincinnati aux.

SKU: CF.WF229

ISBN 9781491153789. UPC: 680160911288.

Introduction Gustave Vogt's Musical Paris Gustave Vogt (1781-1870) was born into the Age of Enlightenment, at the apex of the Enlightenment's outreach. During his lifetime he would observe its effect on the world. Over the course of his life he lived through many changes in musical style. When he was born, composers such as Mozart and Haydn were still writing masterworks revered today, and eighty-nine years later, as he departed the world, the new realm of Romanticism was beginning to emerge with Mahler, Richard Strauss and Debussy, who were soon to make their respective marks on the musical world. Vogt himself left a huge mark on the musical world, with critics referring to him as the grandfather of the modern oboe and the premier oboist of Europe. Through his eighty-nine years, Vogt would live through what was perhaps the most turbulent period of French history. He witnessed the French Revolution of 1789, followed by the many newly established governments, only to die just months before the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870, which would be the longest lasting government since the beginning of the revolution. He also witnessed the transformation of the French musical world from one in which opera reigned supreme, to one in which virtuosi, chamber music, and symphonic music ruled. Additionally, he experienced the development of the oboe right before his eyes. When he began playing in the late eighteenth century, the standard oboe had two keys (E and Eb) and at the time of his death in 1870, the System Six Triebert oboe (the instrument adopted by Conservatoire professor, Georges Gillet, in 1882) was only five years from being developed. Vogt was born March 18, 1781 in the ancient town of Strasbourg, part of the Alsace region along the German border. At the time of his birth, Strasbourg had been annexed by Louis XIV, and while heavily influenced by Germanic culture, had been loosely governed by the French for a hundred years. Although it is unclear when Vogt began studying the oboe and when his family made its move to the French capital, the Vogts may have fled Strasbourg in 1792 after much of the city was destroyed during the French Revolution. He was without question living in Paris by 1798, as he enrolled on June 8 at the newly established Conservatoire national de Musique to study oboe with the school's first oboe professor, Alexandre-Antoine Sallantin (1775-1830). Vogt's relationship with the Conservatoire would span over half a century, moving seamlessly from the role of student to professor. In 1799, just a year after enrolling, he was awarded the premier prix, becoming the fourth oboist to achieve this award. By 1802 he had been appointed repetiteur, which involved teaching the younger students and filling in for Sallantin in exchange for a free education. He maintained this rank until 1809, when he was promoted to professor adjoint and finally to professor titulaire in 1816 when Sallantin retired. This was a position he held for thirty-seven years, retiring in 1853, making him the longest serving oboe professor in the school's history. During his tenure, he became the most influential oboist in France, teaching eighty-nine students, plus sixteen he taught while he was professor adjoint and professor titulaire. Many of these students went on to be famous in their own right, such as Henri Brod (1799-1839), Apollon Marie-Rose Barret (1804-1879), Charles Triebert (1810-1867), Stanislas Verroust (1814-1863), and Charles Colin (1832-1881). His influence stretches from French to American oboe playing in a direct line from Charles Colin to Georges Gillet (1854-1920), and then to Marcel Tabuteau (1887-1966), the oboist Americans lovingly describe as the father of American oboe playing. Opera was an important part of Vogt's life. His first performing position was with the Theatre-Montansier while he was still studying at the Conservatoire. Shortly after, he moved to the Ambigu-Comique and, in 1801 was appointed as first oboist with the Theatre-Italien in Paris. He had been in this position for only a year, when he began playing first oboe at the Opera-Comique. He remained there until 1814, when he succeeded his teacher, Alexandre-Antoine Sallantin, as soloist with the Paris Opera, the top orchestra in Paris at the time. He played with the Paris Opera until 1834, all the while bringing in his current and past students to fill out the section. In this position, he began to make a name for himself; so much so that specific performances were immortalized in memoirs and letters. One comes from a young Hector Berlioz (1803-1865) after having just arrived in Paris in 1822 and attended the Paris Opera's performance of Mehul's Stratonice and Persuis' ballet Nina. It was in response to the song Quand le bien-amie reviendra that Berlioz wrote: I find it difficult to believe that that song as sung by her could ever have made as true and touching an effect as the combination of Vogt's instrument... Shortly after this, Berlioz gave up studying medicine and focused on music. Vogt frequently made solo and chamber appearances throughout Europe. His busiest period of solo work was during the 1820s. In 1825 and 1828 he went to London to perform as a soloist with the London Philharmonic Society. Vogt also traveled to Northern France in 1826 for concerts, and then in 1830 traveled to Munich and Stuttgart, visiting his hometown of Strasbourg on the way. While on tour, Vogt performed Luigi Cherubini's (1760-1842) Ave Maria, with soprano Anna (Nanette) Schechner (1806-1860), and a Concertino, presumably written by himself. As a virtuoso performer in pursuit of repertoire to play, Vogt found himself writing much of his own music. His catalog includes chamber music, variation sets, vocal music, concerted works, religious music, wind band arrangements, and pedagogical material. He most frequently performed his variation sets, which were largely based on themes from popular operas he had, presumably played while he was at the Opera. He made his final tour in 1839, traveling to Tours and Bordeaux. During this tour he appeared with the singer Caroline Naldi, Countess de Sparre, and the violinist Joseph Artot (1815-1845). This ended his active career as a soloist. His performance was described in the Revue et gazette musicale de Paris as having lost none of his superiority over the oboe.... It's always the same grace, the same sweetness. We made a trip to Switzerland, just by closing your eyes and listening to Vogt's oboe. Vogt was also active performing in Paris as a chamber and orchestral musician. He was one of the founding members of the Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire, a group established in 1828 by violinist and conductor Francois-Antoine Habeneck (1781-1849). The group featured faculty and students performing alongside each other and works such as Beethoven symphonies, which had never been heard in France. He also premiered the groundbreaking woodwind quintets of Antonin Reicha (1770-1836). After his retirement from the Opera in 1834 and from the Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire in 1842, Vogt began to slow down. His final known performance was of Cherubini's Ave Maria on English horn with tenor Alexis Dupont (1796-1874) in 1843. He then began to reflect on his life and the people he had known. When he reached his 60s, he began gathering entries for his Musical Album of Autographs. Autograph Albums Vogt's Musical Album of Autographs is part of a larger practice of keeping autograph albums, also commonly known as Stammbuch or Album Amicorum (meaning book of friendship or friendship book), which date back to the time of the Reformation and the University of Wittenberg. It was during the mid-sixteenth century that students at the University of Wittenberg began passing around bibles for their fellow students and professors to sign, leaving messages to remember them by as they moved on to the next part of their lives. The things people wrote were mottos, quotes, and even drawings of their family coat of arms or some other scene that meant something to the owner. These albums became the way these young students remembered their school family once they had moved on to another school or town. It was also common for the entrants to comment on other entries and for the owner to amend entries when they learned of important life details such as marriage or death. As the practice continued, bibles were set aside for emblem books, which was a popular book genre that featured allegorical illustrations (emblems) in a tripartite form: image, motto, epigram. The first emblem book used for autographs was published in 1531 by Andrea Alciato (1492-1550), a collection of 212 Latin emblem poems. In 1558, the first book conceived for the purpose of the album amicorum was published by Lyon de Tournes (1504-1564) called the Thesaurus Amicorum. These books continued to evolve, and spread to wider circles away from universities. Albums could be found being kept by noblemen, physicians, lawyers, teachers, painters, musicians, and artisans. The albums eventually became more specialized, leading to Musical Autograph Albums (or Notestammbucher). Before this specialization, musicians contributed in one form or another, but our knowledge of them in these albums is mostly limited to individual people or events. Some would simply sign their name while others would insert a fragment of music, usually a canon (titled fuga) with text in Latin. Canons were popular because they displayed the craftsmanship of the composer in a limited space. Composers well-known today, including J. S. Bach, Telemann, Mozart, Beethoven, Dowland, and Brahms, all participated in the practice, with Beethoven being the first to indicate an interest in creating an album only of music. This interest came around 1815. In an 1845 letter from Johann Friedrich Naue to Heinrich Carl Breidenstein, Naue recalled an 1813 visit with Beethoven, who presented a book suggesting Naue to collect entries from celebrated musicians as he traveled. Shortly after we find Louis Spohr speaking about leaving on his grand tour through Europe in 1815 and of his desire to carry an album with entries from the many artists he would come across. He wrote in his autobiography that his most valuable contribution came from Beethoven in 1815. Spohr's Notenstammbuch, comprised only of musical entries, is groundbreaking because it was coupled with a concert tour, allowing him to reach beyond the Germanic world, where the creation of these books had been nearly exclusive. Spohr brought the practice of Notenstammbucher to France, and in turn indirectly inspired Vogt to create a book of his own some fifteen years later. Vogt's Musical Album of Autographs Vogt's Musical Album of Autographs acts as a form of a memoir, displaying mementos of musicians who held special meaning in his life as well as showing those with whom he was enamored from the younger generation. The anonymous Pie Jesu submitted to Vogt in 1831 marks the beginning of an album that would span nearly three decades by the time the final entry, an excerpt from Charles Gounod's (1818-1893) Faust, which premiered in 1859, was submitted. Within this album we find sixty-two entries from musicians whom he must have known very well because they were colleagues at the Conservatoire, or composers of opera whose works he was performing with the Paris Opera. Other entries came from performers with whom he had performed and some who were simply passing through Paris, such as Joseph Joachim (1831-1907). Of the sixty-three total entries, some are original, unpublished works, while others came from well-known existing works. Nineteen of these works are for solo piano, sixteen utilize the oboe or English horn, thirteen feature the voice (in many different combinations, including vocal solos with piano, and small choral settings up to one with double choir), two feature violin as a solo instrument, and one even features the now obscure ophicleide. The connections among the sixty-two contributors to Vogt's album are virtually never-ending. All were acquainted with Vogt in some capacity, from long-time friendships to relationships that were created when Vogt requested their entry. Thus, while Vogt is the person who is central to each of these musicians, the web can be greatly expanded. In general, the connections are centered around the Conservatoire, teacher lineages, the Opera, and performing circles. The relationships between all the contributors in the album parallel the current musical world, as many of these kinds of relationships still exist, and permit us to fantasize who might be found in an album created today by a musician of the same standing. Also important, is what sort of entries the contributors chose to pen. The sixty-three entries are varied, but can be divided into published and unpublished works. Within the published works, we find opera excerpts, symphony excerpts, mass excerpts, and canons, while the unpublished works include music for solo piano, oboe or English horn, string instruments (violin and cello), and voice (voice with piano and choral). The music for oboe and English horn works largely belong in the unpublished works of the album. These entries were most likely written to honor Vogt. Seven are for oboe and piano and were contributed by Joseph Joachim, Pauline Garcia Viardot (1821-1910), Joseph Artot, Anton Bohrer (1783-1852), Georges Onslow (1784-1853), Desire Beaulieu (1791-1863), and Narcisse Girard (1797-1860). The common thread between these entries is the simplicity of the melody and structure. Many are repetitive, especially Beaulieu's entry, which features a two-note ostinato throughout the work, which he even included in his signature. Two composers contributed pieces for English horn and piano, and like the previous oboe entries, are simple and repetitive. These were written by Michele Carafa (1787-1872) and Louis Clapisson (1808-1866). There are two other entries that were unpublished works and are chamber music. One is an oboe trio by Jacques Halevy (1799-1862) and the other is for oboe and strings (string trio) by J. B. Cramer (1771-1858). There are five published works in the album for oboe and English horn. There are three from operas and the other two from symphonic works. Ambroise Thomas (1811-1896) contributed an excerpt from the Entr'acte of his opera La Guerillero, and was likely chosen because the oboe was featured at this moment. Hippolyte Chelard (1789-1861) also chose to honor Vogt by writing for English horn. His entry, for English horn and piano, is taken from his biggest success, Macbeth. The English horn part was actually taken from Lady Macbeth's solo in the sleepwalking scene. Vogt's own entry also falls into this category, as he entered an excerpt from Donizetti's Maria di Rohan. The excerpt he chose is a duet between soprano and English horn. There are two entries featuring oboe that are excerpted from symphonic repertoire. One is a familiar oboe melody from Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony entered by his first biographer, Anton Schindler (1796-1864). The other is an excerpt from Berlioz's choral symphony, Romeo et Juliette. He entered an oboe solo from the Grand Fete section of the piece. Pedagogical benefit All of these works are lovely, and fit within the album wonderfully, but these works also are great oboe and English horn music for young students. The common thread between these entries is the simplicity of the melody and structure. Many are repetitive, especially Beaulieu's entry, which features a two-note ostinato throughout the work in the piano. This repetitive structure is beneficial for young students for searching for a short solo to present at a studio recital, or simply to learn. They also work many technical issues a young player may encounter, such as mastering the rolling finger to uncover and recover the half hole. This is true of Bealieu's Pensee as well as Onslow's Andantino. Berlioz's entry from Romeo et Juliette features very long phrases, which helps with endurance and helps keep the air spinning through the oboe. Some of the pieces also use various levels of ornamentation, from trills to grace notes, and short cadenzas. This allows the student to learn appropriate ways to phrase with these added notes. The chamber music is a valuable way to start younger students with chamber music, especially the short quartet by Cramer for oboe and string trio. All of these pieces will not tax the student to learn a work that is more advanced, as well as give them a full piece that they can work on from beginning to end in a couple weeks, instead of months. Editorial Policy The works found in this edition are based on the manuscript housed at the Morgan Library in New York City (call number Cary 348, V886. A3). When possible, published scores were consulted and compared to clarify pitch and text. The general difficulties in creating an edition of these works stem from entries that appear to be hastily written, and thus omit complete articulations and dynamic indications for all passages and parts. The manuscript has been modernized into a performance edition. The score order from the manuscript has been retained. If an entry also exists in a published work, and this was not indicated on the manuscript, appropriate titles and subtitles have been added tacitly. For entries that were untitled, the beginning tempo marking or expressive directive has been added as its title tacitly. Part names have been changed from the original language to English. If no part name was present, it was added tacitly. All scores are transposing where applicable. Measure numbers have been added at the beginning of every system. Written directives have been retained in the original language and are placed relative to where they appear in the manuscript. Tempo markings from the manuscript have been retained, even if they were abbreviated, i.e., Andte. The barlines, braces, brackets, and clefs are modernized. The beaming and stem direction has been modernized. Key signatures have been modernized as some of the flats/sharps do not appear on the correct lines or spaces. Time signatures have been modernized. In a few cases, when a time signature was missing in the manuscript, it has been added tacitly. Triplet and rhythmic groupings have been modernized. Slurs, ties, and articulations (staccato and accent) have been modernized. Slurs, ties, and articulations have been added to parallel passages tacitly. Courtesy accidentals found in the manuscript have been removed, unless it appeared to be helpful to the performer. Dynamic indications from the manuscript have been retained, except where noted. --Kristin Leitterman.
IntroductionGustave Vogt’s Musical ParisGustave Vogt (1781–1870) was born into the “Age of Enlightenment,” at the apex of the Enlightenment’s outreach. During his lifetime he would observe its effect on the world. Over the course of his life he lived through many changes in musical style. When he was born, composers such as Mozart and Haydn were still writing masterworks revered today, and eighty-nine years later, as he departed the world, the new realm of Romanticism was beginning to emerge with Mahler, Richard Strauss and Debussy, who were soon to make their respective marks on the musical world. Vogt himself left a huge mark on the musical world, with critics referring to him as the “grandfather of the modern oboe” and the “premier oboist of Europe.”Through his eighty-nine years, Vogt would live through what was perhaps the most turbulent period of French history. He witnessed the French Revolution of 1789, followed by the many newly established governments, only to die just months before the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870, which would be the longest lasting government since the beginning of the revolution. He also witnessed the transformation of the French musical world from one in which opera reigned supreme, to one in which virtuosi, chamber music, and symphonic music ruled. Additionally, he experienced the development of the oboe right before his eyes. When he began playing in the late eighteenth century, the standard oboe had two keys (E and Eb) and at the time of his death in 1870, the “System Six” Triébert oboe (the instrument adopted by Conservatoire professor, Georges Gillet, in 1882) was only five years from being developed.Vogt was born March 18, 1781 in the ancient town of Strasbourg, part of the Alsace region along the German border. At the time of his birth, Strasbourg had been annexed by Louis XIV, and while heavily influenced by Germanic culture, had been loosely governed by the French for a hundred years. Although it is unclear when Vogt began studying the oboe and when his family made its move to the French capital, the Vogts may have fled Strasbourg in 1792 after much of the city was destroyed during the French Revolution. He was without question living in Paris by 1798, as he enrolled on June 8 at the newly established Conservatoire national de Musique to study oboe with the school’s first oboe professor, Alexandre-Antoine Sallantin (1775–1830).Vogt’s relationship with the Conservatoire would span over half a century, moving seamlessly from the role of student to professor. In 1799, just a year after enrolling, he was awarded the premier prix, becoming the fourth oboist to achieve this award. By 1802 he had been appointed répétiteur, which involved teaching the younger students and filling in for Sallantin in exchange for a free education. He maintained this rank until 1809, when he was promoted to professor adjoint and finally to professor titulaire in 1816 when Sallantin retired. This was a position he held for thirty-seven years, retiring in 1853, making him the longest serving oboe professor in the school’s history. During his tenure, he became the most influential oboist in France, teaching eighty-nine students, plus sixteen he taught while he was professor adjoint and professor titulaire. Many of these students went on to be famous in their own right, such as Henri Brod (1799–1839), Apollon Marie-Rose Barret (1804–1879), Charles Triebert (1810–1867), Stanislas Verroust (1814–1863), and Charles Colin (1832–1881). His influence stretches from French to American oboe playing in a direct line from Charles Colin to Georges Gillet (1854–1920), and then to Marcel Tabuteau (1887–1966), the oboist Americans lovingly describe as the “father of American oboe playing.”Opera was an important part of Vogt’s life. His first performing position was with the Théâtre-Montansier while he was still studying at the Conservatoire. Shortly after, he moved to the Ambigu-Comique and, in 1801 was appointed as first oboist with the Théâtre-Italien in Paris. He had been in this position for only a year, when he began playing first oboe at the Opéra-Comique. He remained there until 1814, when he succeeded his teacher, Alexandre-Antoine Sallantin, as soloist with the Paris Opéra, the top orchestra in Paris at the time. He played with the Paris Opéra until 1834, all the while bringing in his current and past students to fill out the section. In this position, he began to make a name for himself; so much so that specific performances were immortalized in memoirs and letters. One comes from a young Hector Berlioz (1803–1865) after having just arrived in Paris in 1822 and attended the Paris Opéra’s performance of Mehul’s Stratonice and Persuis’ ballet Nina. It was in response to the song Quand le bien-amié reviendra that Berlioz wrote: “I find it difficult to believe that that song as sung by her could ever have made as true and touching an effect as the combination of Vogt’s instrument…” Shortly after this, Berlioz gave up studying medicine and focused on music.Vogt frequently made solo and chamber appearances throughout Europe. His busiest period of solo work was during the 1820s. In 1825 and 1828 he went to London to perform as a soloist with the London Philharmonic Society. Vogt also traveled to Northern France in 1826 for concerts, and then in 1830 traveled to Munich and Stuttgart, visiting his hometown of Strasbourg on the way. While on tour, Vogt performed Luigi Cherubini’s (1760–1842) Ave Maria, with soprano Anna (Nanette) Schechner (1806–1860), and a Concertino, presumably written by himself. As a virtuoso performer in pursuit of repertoire to play, Vogt found himself writing much of his own music. His catalog includes chamber music, variation sets, vocal music, concerted works, religious music, wind band arrangements, and pedagogical material. He most frequently performed his variation sets, which were largely based on themes from popular operas he had, presumably played while he was at the Opéra.He made his final tour in 1839, traveling to Tours and Bordeaux. During this tour he appeared with the singer Caroline Naldi, Countess de Sparre, and the violinist Joseph Artôt (1815–1845). This ended his active career as a soloist. His performance was described in the Revue et gazette musicale de Paris as having “lost none of his superiority over the oboe…. It’s always the same grace, the same sweetness. We made a trip to Switzerland, just by closing your eyes and listening to Vogt’s oboe.”Vogt was also active performing in Paris as a chamber and orchestral musician. He was one of the founding members of the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, a group established in 1828 by violinist and conductor François-Antoine Habeneck (1781–1849). The group featured faculty and students performing alongside each other and works such as Beethoven symphonies, which had never been heard in France. He also premiered the groundbreaking woodwind quintets of Antonin Reicha (1770–1836).After his retirement from the Opéra in 1834 and from the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire in 1842, Vogt began to slow down. His final known performance was of Cherubini’s Ave Maria on English horn with tenor Alexis Dupont (1796–1874) in 1843. He then began to reflect on his life and the people he had known. When he reached his 60s, he began gathering entries for his Musical Album of Autographs.Autograph AlbumsVogt’s Musical Album of Autographs is part of a larger practice of keeping autograph albums, also commonly known as Stammbuch or Album Amicorum (meaning book of friendship or friendship book), which date back to the time of the Reformation and the University of Wittenberg. It was during the mid-sixteenth century that students at the University of Wittenberg began passing around bibles for their fellow students and professors to sign, leaving messages to remember them by as they moved on to the next part of their lives. The things people wrote were mottos, quotes, and even drawings of their family coat of arms or some other scene that meant something to the owner. These albums became the way these young students remembered their school family once they had moved on to another school or town. It was also common for the entrants to comment on other entries and for the owner to amend entries when they learned of important life details such as marriage or death.As the practice continued, bibles were set aside for emblem books, which was a popular book genre that featured allegorical illustrations (emblems) in a tripartite form: image, motto, epigram. The first emblem book used for autographs was published in 1531 by Andrea Alciato (1492–1550), a collection of 212 Latin emblem poems. In 1558, the first book conceived for the purpose of the album amicorum was published by Lyon de Tournes (1504–1564) called the Thesaurus Amicorum. These books continued to evolve, and spread to wider circles away from universities. Albums could be found being kept by noblemen, physicians, lawyers, teachers, painters, musicians, and artisans.The albums eventually became more specialized, leading to Musical Autograph Albums (or Notestammbücher). Before this specialization, musicians contributed in one form or another, but our knowledge of them in these albums is mostly limited to individual people or events. Some would simply sign their name while others would insert a fragment of music, usually a canon (titled fuga) with text in Latin. Canons were popular because they displayed the craftsmanship of the composer in a limited space. Composers well-known today, including J. S. Bach, Telemann, Mozart, Beethoven, Dowland, and Brahms, all participated in the practice, with Beethoven being the first to indicate an interest in creating an album only of music.This interest came around 1815. In an 1845 letter from Johann Friedrich Naue to Heinrich Carl Breidenstein, Naue recalled an 1813 visit with Beethoven, who presented a book suggesting Naue to collect entries from celebrated musicians as he traveled. Shortly after we find Louis Spohr speaking about leaving on his “grand tour” through Europe in 1815 and of his desire to carry an album with entries from the many artists he would come across. He wrote in his autobiography that his “most valuable contribution” came from Beethoven in 1815. Spohr’s Notenstammbuch, comprised only of musical entries, is groundbreaking because it was coupled with a concert tour, allowing him to reach beyond the Germanic world, where the creation of these books had been nearly exclusive. Spohr brought the practice of Notenstammbücher to France, and in turn indirectly inspired Vogt to create a book of his own some fifteen years later.Vogt’s Musical Album of AutographsVogt’s Musical Album of Autographs acts as a form of a memoir, displaying mementos of musicians who held special meaning in his life as well as showing those with whom he was enamored from the younger generation. The anonymous Pie Jesu submitted to Vogt in 1831 marks the beginning of an album that would span nearly three decades by the time the final entry, an excerpt from Charles Gounod’s (1818–1893) Faust, which premiered in 1859, was submitted.Within this album ...