| Ludwig Minkus (1826 - 1917)  Austria Ludwig Minkus (Russian Людвиг Минкуза) AKA Léon Fedorovich Minkus (Russian Lеон Фиодорович Минкуза) (March 23, 1826 - December 7, 1917, was a composer of ballet music and a violin virtuoso. Born Aloisius Ludwig Minkus in Velké Meziříčí (German: Grossmeseritsch), near Brno, Moravia, Austrian Empire, {today the Czech Republic}. He is most noted for the ballets he scored while serving as the Romanov's First Imperial Ballet Composer to the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, a post which he occupied from 1871 until it's abolishment in 1886. He continued scoring music regularly for the Imperial Theatres until 1891, when he retired to Vienna. Minkus wrote nearly all of his music for the works of the great Balletmasters Arthur Saint-Léon and Marius Petipa, the most celebrated being La Source (1866, composed jointly with Léo Delibes), Don Quixote (1869, revised 1871); and La Bayadère (1877). Among Minkus' most celebrated material is his additional music for Petipa's 1881 revival of Paquita - the Grand Pas Classique, Pas de Trois (AKA Minkus Pas de Trois), and the Children's Polonaise and Mazurka; his music for the Grand Pas de Deux from Petipa's Don Quixote (often extracted to be performed independently); and his music for the scene The Kingdom of the Shades from Petipa's La Bayadère (also performed independently on occasion). Minkus is also noted for his re-orchestration (1884) and additional music for Petipa's revivals of Giselle (1867, 1884, 1887), most of which have become part of Adolphe Adam's score and are now performed by all ballet companies. Today, Minkus' ballet music is some of the most popular and performed in all of ballet, and is a most integral part of the traditional classical ballet repertory.
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