Question And Answer

SKU: GI.G-1049

UPC: 785147004929.

James Jordan and The Same Stream should be commended for this album. The Same Stream succeeds in presenting this collection of twenty-first century choral music with a high degree of technical accuracy. Their sectional balance is nearly perfect, and contains impeccable intonation. The performances on this recording should have a wide appeal to twenty-first century choral music enthusiasts. — Gerrit S.C. Scheepers, Indiana, PA      Choral Journal (September 2020) These tracks represent the first full CD of a new American choral ensemble: The Same Stream. The choir’s very existence is the living result of questions regarding what it means to sing together within a deeply “knitted” community, a community that shares answers to commonly held questions and beliefs about what creates a truly human resonance within and among singers. For me, this ensemble is a continuation of beliefs that have been my North Star all of my career. To hear those questions answered and dreams become a reality with the establishment of The Same Stream choir is deeply humbling, gratifying and life affirming. It is our hope that these recordings enrich those who hear them—as much as making them has made our lives deeper and more meaningful. — James Jordan, Artistic Director and Conductor of The Same Stream      www.thesamestreamchoi r.com Recorded in the unparalleled Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Philadelphia, The Same Stream's debut full-length recording, Songs of the Questioner, features music by outstanding living composers with a personal connection to the ensemble. Music by Thomas LaVoy, Paul Mealor, Peter Relph, and Dan Forrest help the listener to explore those deep and important questions that follow us throughout our entire lives.

SKU: AP.0571B

ISBN 9780757980145. UPC: 654979023098. English.

All games in the Artie Almeida Music Games series were created by Artie Almeida for fun reinforcement and assessment of basic music concepts in general music classes. Games are geared to various elementary grade levels. In this exciting musical trivia game, students compete for colossal cash by answering questions about musical instruments, music vocabulary, and music symbols. Terrific for an end-of-year review of knowledge! Contents of game (packaged in a 9 x 12 plastic ziplock hanging bag): 30 colorful Daffy Duck Bills (11 x 5) with music questions in six different denominations (the higher the denomination, the harder the question), plus directions/answer key.

SKU: WD.080689608230

UPC: 080689608230.

Who can we lean on when everything is falling apart? Where does our help come from? With a congregational-friendly melody, this new anthem, The Answer, triumphantly answers these questions. Jesus is The Answer to every question—The Solution to every fear!

SKU: PR.114420410

UPC: 680160687015.

In one of the dedicatory poems to his verse play The Shadowy Waters (1906), William Butler Yeats asks: Is Eden far away...? Do our woods and winds and verponds cover more quiet woods, More shining winds, more star-glimmering ponds? Is Eden out of time and out of space? How do you answer such questions? We have only the vague elusive promptings of our own mysterious, troubled hearts to tell us that the Eden we long for is there, somewhere beyond the physical world which frames our existence, in another realm of different dimensions. And - what is most painful to admit - that it is closed to us in the form in which we live and breathe, even if at times we do have intimations..., Yeats is telling us that this paradise, this Eden we yearn for is here - present even if invisible, palpable even if intangible. In his Second Symphony, Mahler meets an angel who tells him he can't get into heaven, he's locked out. The news is shattering. What follows is an inconsolable sorrowing, the same sorrowing that comes when we wake to the realization that we too are locked out of Eden. Eden is the heaven of our longing and desire for release from pain and suffering. Eden is the image in our restive minds that reflects the reconciled, resolved, quiescent state of soul we hunger for. But Eden eludes -because it is not a place. It is a state of soul which answers none of the illusory, hampering conditions that shape and bind us to the real world of our bodies, our appetites, our passions, and our beliefs. I have turned Yeats' question Is Eden out of time and out of space? into its own answering. However near we may sense its presence at times, Eden remains unreachable, ungraspable, unknowable, unthinkable. It forever eludes us. I wrote this music the way I did to shut out -with quietness and otherworldliness - the clamor and clang of the raucous Garish Day, to turn away its tumult and noise, to negate its stridency and chaos. Perhaps in the cleansing stillness and blessing of this emptied-out state of soul, Eden, through still hidden, may not be so far way; though still unreachable, may be close enough almost to touch.
In one of the dedicatory poems to his verse play “The Shadowy Waters” (1906), William Butler Yeats asks:“Is Eden far away…?Do our woods and windsand verponds cover morequiet woods,More shining winds,more star-glimmeringponds?Is Eden out of timeand out of space?”How do you answer such questions? We have only the vague elusive promptings of our own mysterious, troubled hearts to tell us that the Eden we long for is there, somewhere beyond the physical world which frames our existence, in another realm of different dimensions. And – what is most painful to admit – that it is closed to us in the form in which we live and breathe, even if at times we do have intimations…, Yeats is telling us that this paradise, this Eden we yearn for is here – present even if invisible, palpable even if intangible.In his Second Symphony, Mahler meets an angel who tells him he can’t get into heaven, he’s locked out. The news is shattering. What follows is an inconsolable sorrowing, the same sorrowing that comes when we wake to the realization that we too are locked out of Eden.Eden is the heaven of our longing and desire for release from pain and suffering. Eden is the image in our restive minds that reflects the reconciled, resolved, quiescent state of soul we hunger for. But Eden eludes –because it is not a place. It is a state of soul which answers none of the illusory, hampering conditions that shape and bind us to the real world of our bodies, our appetites, our passions, and our beliefs.I have turned Yeats’ question “Is Eden out of time and out of space?” into its own answering. However near we may sense its presence at times, Eden remains unreachable, ungraspable, unknowable, unthinkable. It forever eludes us.I wrote this music the way I did to shut out –with quietness and otherworldliness – the clamor and clang of the raucous “Garish Day,” to turn away its tumult and noise, to negate its stridency and chaos. Perhaps in the cleansing stillness and blessing of this emptied-out state of soul, Eden, through still hidden, may not be so far way; though still unreachable, may be close enough almost to touch.

SKU: PR.11442041L

UPC: 680160687039.

In one of the dedicatory poems to his verse play The Shadowy Waters (1906), William Butler Yeats asks: Is Eden far away...? Do our woods and winds and verponds cover more quiet woods, More shining winds, more star-glimmering ponds? Is Eden out of time and out of space? How do you answer such questions? We have only the vague elusive promptings of our own mysterious, troubled hearts to tell us that the Eden we long for is there, somewhere beyond the physical world which frames our existence, in another realm of different dimensions. And - what is most painful to admit - that it is closed to us in the form in which we live and breathe, even if at times we do have intimations..., Yeats is telling us that this paradise, this Eden we yearn for is here - present even if invisible, palpable even if intangible. In his Second Symphony, Mahler meets an angel who tells him he can't get into heaven, he's locked out. The news is shattering. What follows is an inconsolable sorrowing, the same sorrowing that comes when we wake to the realization that we too are locked out of Eden. Eden is the heaven of our longing and desire for release from pain and suffering. Eden is the image in our restive minds that reflects the reconciled, resolved, quiescent state of soul we hunger for. But Eden eludes -because it is not a place. It is a state of soul which answers none of the illusory, hampering conditions that shape and bind us to the real world of our bodies, our appetites, our passions, and our beliefs. I have turned Yeats' question Is Eden out of time and out of space? into its own answering. However near we may sense its presence at times, Eden remains unreachable, ungraspable, unknowable, unthinkable. It forever eludes us. I wrote this music the way I did to shut out -with quietness and otherworldliness - the clamor and clang of the raucous Garish Day, to turn away its tumult and noise, to negate its stridency and chaos. Perhaps in the cleansing stillness and blessing of this emptied-out state of soul, Eden, through still hidden, may not be so far way; though still unreachable, may be close enough almost to touch.
In one of the dedicatory poems to his verse play “The Shadowy Waters” (1906), William Butler Yeats asks:“Is Eden far away…?Do our woods and windsand verponds cover morequiet woods,More shining winds,more star-glimmeringponds?Is Eden out of timeand out of space?”How do you answer such questions? We have only the vague elusive promptings of our own mysterious, troubled hearts to tell us that the Eden we long for is there, somewhere beyond the physical world which frames our existence, in another realm of different dimensions. And – what is most painful to admit – that it is closed to us in the form in which we live and breathe, even if at times we do have intimations…, Yeats is telling us that this paradise, this Eden we yearn for is here – present even if invisible, palpable even if intangible.In his Second Symphony, Mahler meets an angel who tells him he can’t get into heaven, he’s locked out. The news is shattering. What follows is an inconsolable sorrowing, the same sorrowing that comes when we wake to the realization that we too are locked out of Eden.Eden is the heaven of our longing and desire for release from pain and suffering. Eden is the image in our restive minds that reflects the reconciled, resolved, quiescent state of soul we hunger for. But Eden eludes –because it is not a place. It is a state of soul which answers none of the illusory, hampering conditions that shape and bind us to the real world of our bodies, our appetites, our passions, and our beliefs.I have turned Yeats’ question “Is Eden out of time and out of space?” into its own answering. However near we may sense its presence at times, Eden remains unreachable, ungraspable, unknowable, unthinkable. It forever eludes us.I wrote this music the way I did to shut out –with quietness and otherworldliness – the clamor and clang of the raucous “Garish Day,” to turn away its tumult and noise, to negate its stridency and chaos. Perhaps in the cleansing stillness and blessing of this emptied-out state of soul, Eden, through still hidden, may not be so far way; though still unreachable, may be close enough almost to touch.

SKU: PR.11442041S

UPC: 680160687022.

In one of the dedicatory poems to his verse play The Shadowy Waters (1906), William Butler Yeats asks: Is Eden far away...? Do our woods and winds and verponds cover more quiet woods, More shining winds, more star-glimmering ponds? Is Eden out of time and out of space? How do you answer such questions? We have only the vague elusive promptings of our own mysterious, troubled hearts to tell us that the Eden we long for is there, somewhere beyond the physical world which frames our existence, in another realm of different dimensions. And - what is most painful to admit - that it is closed to us in the form in which we live and breathe, even if at times we do have intimations..., Yeats is telling us that this paradise, this Eden we yearn for is here - present even if invisible, palpable even if intangible. In his Second Symphony, Mahler meets an angel who tells him he can't get into heaven, he's locked out. The news is shattering. What follows is an inconsolable sorrowing, the same sorrowing that comes when we wake to the realization that we too are locked out of Eden. Eden is the heaven of our longing and desire for release from pain and suffering. Eden is the image in our restive minds that reflects the reconciled, resolved, quiescent state of soul we hunger for. But Eden eludes -because it is not a place. It is a state of soul which answers none of the illusory, hampering conditions that shape and bind us to the real world of our bodies, our appetites, our passions, and our beliefs. I have turned Yeats' question Is Eden out of time and out of space? into its own answering. However near we may sense its presence at times, Eden remains unreachable, ungraspable, unknowable, unthinkable. It forever eludes us. I wrote this music the way I did to shut out -with quietness and otherworldliness - the clamor and clang of the raucous Garish Day, to turn away its tumult and noise, to negate its stridency and chaos. Perhaps in the cleansing stillness and blessing of this emptied-out state of soul, Eden, through still hidden, may not be so far way; though still unreachable, may be close enough almost to touch.
In one of the dedicatory poems to his verse play “The Shadowy Waters” (1906), William Butler Yeats asks:“Is Eden far away…?Do our woods and windsand verponds cover morequiet woods,More shining winds,more star-glimmeringponds?Is Eden out of timeand out of space?”How do you answer such questions? We have only the vague elusive promptings of our own mysterious, troubled hearts to tell us that the Eden we long for is there, somewhere beyond the physical world which frames our existence, in another realm of different dimensions. And – what is most painful to admit – that it is closed to us in the form in which we live and breathe, even if at times we do have intimations…, Yeats is telling us that this paradise, this Eden we yearn for is here – present even if invisible, palpable even if intangible.In his Second Symphony, Mahler meets an angel who tells him he can’t get into heaven, he’s locked out. The news is shattering. What follows is an inconsolable sorrowing, the same sorrowing that comes when we wake to the realization that we too are locked out of Eden.Eden is the heaven of our longing and desire for release from pain and suffering. Eden is the image in our restive minds that reflects the reconciled, resolved, quiescent state of soul we hunger for. But Eden eludes –because it is not a place. It is a state of soul which answers none of the illusory, hampering conditions that shape and bind us to the real world of our bodies, our appetites, our passions, and our beliefs.I have turned Yeats’ question “Is Eden out of time and out of space?” into its own answering. However near we may sense its presence at times, Eden remains unreachable, ungraspable, unknowable, unthinkable. It forever eludes us.I wrote this music the way I did to shut out –with quietness and otherworldliness – the clamor and clang of the raucous “Garish Day,” to turn away its tumult and noise, to negate its stridency and chaos. Perhaps in the cleansing stillness and blessing of this emptied-out state of soul, Eden, through still hidden, may not be so far way; though still unreachable, may be close enough almost to touch.

SKU: AP.44196S

UPC: 038081498164. English.

Beginning with an unresolved emotion and motive, Finding a Way travels through many emotions looking for a way to find resolution and comfort, conveying an uplifting and hopeful spirit that ultimately finds peace. When healing has had a chance to occur, sadness and sorrow can become replaced with delight and excitement of our memories. The piece concludes with a restatement of the opening, questioning motive, but this time with the question answered. (4:15).

SKU: GI.G-2593R100

English.

Two aptitude tests designed to diagnose and measure music potential:* The only brief, longitudinally valid music aptitude tests for Grades K-6. * Crucial in helping music teachers adapt instruction to the individual musical needs of their students. * Requires no reading or music skills. The administration time is at most two 20-minute periods. Both tests have a similar design. The “Primary” test is recommended for use with younger children (K-3). The “Intermediate� � test is recommended for older children or younger children who find the “Primary” test too simple. Test materials and how they work: 1. Children take the test by simply listening to a tonal cassette and a rhythm cassette. Each tape is only 12 minutes long. 2. Questions on the tape are identified on the answer sheet by pictures, not numbers or words. The children must decide whether pairs of tonal or rhythm patterns they hear sound the same or different. They indicate their choice by simply drawing a circle around the picture on the answer sheet. These tests require no reading skills. 3. The answer sheets can be corrected quickly by using scoring masks. Raw scores are directly converted to percentile ranks in the manual. 4. A profile card is used for each child for individual documentation and the interpretation of scores. The tonal and rhythm results are graphically compared for each child. 5. A class record sheet helps interpret the test scores for the entire class. 6. The manual gives complete information for administering, scoring, and interpreting test results. The manual also makes suggestions for formal and informal music instruction, and includes a discussion on the nature and description of music aptitude, as well as a comprehensive bibliography. Complete kit includes: 100 rhythm answer sheets, 100 tonal answer sheets, CD with tonal and rhythm tests, introduction to testing booklet and two research monographs, one set of scoring masks, manual, 100 student profile cards, and four class record sheets. Items also available separately.

SKU: GI.G-2593RAK

English.

Two aptitude tests designed to diagnose and measure music potential:* The only brief, longitudinally valid music aptitude tests for Grades K-6. * Crucial in helping music teachers adapt instruction to the individual musical needs of their students. * Requires no reading or music skills. The administration time is at most two 20-minute periods. Both tests have a similar design. The “Primary” test is recommended for use with younger children (K-3). The “Intermediate� � test is recommended for older children or younger children who find the “Primary” test too simple. Test materials and how they work: 1. Children take the test by simply listening to a tonal cassette and a rhythm cassette. Each tape is only 12 minutes long. 2. Questions on the tape are identified on the answer sheet by pictures, not numbers or words. The children must decide whether pairs of tonal or rhythm patterns they hear sound the same or different. They indicate their choice by simply drawing a circle around the picture on the answer sheet. These tests require no reading skills. 3. The answer sheets can be corrected quickly by using scoring masks. Raw scores are directly converted to percentile ranks in the manual. 4. A profile card is used for each child for individual documentation and the interpretation of scores. The tonal and rhythm results are graphically compared for each child. 5. A class record sheet helps interpret the test scores for the entire class. 6. The manual gives complete information for administering, scoring, and interpreting test results. The manual also makes suggestions for formal and informal music instruction, and includes a discussion on the nature and description of music aptitude, as well as a comprehensive bibliography. Complete kit includes: 100 rhythm answer sheets, 100 tonal answer sheets, CD with tonal and rhythm tests, introduction to testing booklet and two research monographs, one set of scoring masks, manual, 100 student profile cards, and four class record sheets. Items also available separately.

SKU: GI.G-2593T500

English.

Two aptitude tests designed to diagnose and measure music potential:* The only brief, longitudinally valid music aptitude tests for Grades K-6. * Crucial in helping music teachers adapt instruction to the individual musical needs of their students. * Requires no reading or music skills. The administration time is at most two 20-minute periods. Both tests have a similar design. The “Primary” test is recommended for use with younger children (K-3). The “Intermediate� � test is recommended for older children or younger children who find the “Primary” test too simple. Test materials and how they work: 1. Children take the test by simply listening to a tonal cassette and a rhythm cassette. Each tape is only 12 minutes long. 2. Questions on the tape are identified on the answer sheet by pictures, not numbers or words. The children must decide whether pairs of tonal or rhythm patterns they hear sound the same or different. They indicate their choice by simply drawing a circle around the picture on the answer sheet. These tests require no reading skills. 3. The answer sheets can be corrected quickly by using scoring masks. Raw scores are directly converted to percentile ranks in the manual. 4. A profile card is used for each child for individual documentation and the interpretation of scores. The tonal and rhythm results are graphically compared for each child. 5. A class record sheet helps interpret the test scores for the entire class. 6. The manual gives complete information for administering, scoring, and interpreting test results. The manual also makes suggestions for formal and informal music instruction, and includes a discussion on the nature and description of music aptitude, as well as a comprehensive bibliography. Complete kit includes: 100 rhythm answer sheets, 100 tonal answer sheets, CD with tonal and rhythm tests, introduction to testing booklet and two research monographs, one set of scoring masks, manual, 100 student profile cards, and four class record sheets. Items also available separately.

SKU: GI.G-2593R500

English.

Two aptitude tests designed to diagnose and measure music potential:* The only brief, longitudinally valid music aptitude tests for Grades K-6. * Crucial in helping music teachers adapt instruction to the individual musical needs of their students. * Requires no reading or music skills. The administration time is at most two 20-minute periods. Both tests have a similar design. The “Primary” test is recommended for use with younger children (K-3). The “Intermediate� � test is recommended for older children or younger children who find the “Primary” test too simple. Test materials and how they work: 1. Children take the test by simply listening to a tonal cassette and a rhythm cassette. Each tape is only 12 minutes long. 2. Questions on the tape are identified on the answer sheet by pictures, not numbers or words. The children must decide whether pairs of tonal or rhythm patterns they hear sound the same or different. They indicate their choice by simply drawing a circle around the picture on the answer sheet. These tests require no reading skills. 3. The answer sheets can be corrected quickly by using scoring masks. Raw scores are directly converted to percentile ranks in the manual. 4. A profile card is used for each child for individual documentation and the interpretation of scores. The tonal and rhythm results are graphically compared for each child. 5. A class record sheet helps interpret the test scores for the entire class. 6. The manual gives complete information for administering, scoring, and interpreting test results. The manual also makes suggestions for formal and informal music instruction, and includes a discussion on the nature and description of music aptitude, as well as a comprehensive bibliography. Complete kit includes: 100 rhythm answer sheets, 100 tonal answer sheets, CD with tonal and rhythm tests, introduction to testing booklet and two research monographs, one set of scoring masks, manual, 100 student profile cards, and four class record sheets. Items also available separately.

SKU: GI.G-2593T100

English.

Two aptitude tests designed to diagnose and measure music potential:* The only brief, longitudinally valid music aptitude tests for Grades K-6. * Crucial in helping music teachers adapt instruction to the individual musical needs of their students. * Requires no reading or music skills. The administration time is at most two 20-minute periods. Both tests have a similar design. The “Primary” test is recommended for use with younger children (K-3). The “Intermediate� � test is recommended for older children or younger children who find the “Primary” test too simple. Test materials and how they work: 1. Children take the test by simply listening to a tonal cassette and a rhythm cassette. Each tape is only 12 minutes long. 2. Questions on the tape are identified on the answer sheet by pictures, not numbers or words. The children must decide whether pairs of tonal or rhythm patterns they hear sound the same or different. They indicate their choice by simply drawing a circle around the picture on the answer sheet. These tests require no reading skills. 3. The answer sheets can be corrected quickly by using scoring masks. Raw scores are directly converted to percentile ranks in the manual. 4. A profile card is used for each child for individual documentation and the interpretation of scores. The tonal and rhythm results are graphically compared for each child. 5. A class record sheet helps interpret the test scores for the entire class. 6. The manual gives complete information for administering, scoring, and interpreting test results. The manual also makes suggestions for formal and informal music instruction, and includes a discussion on the nature and description of music aptitude, as well as a comprehensive bibliography. Complete kit includes: 100 rhythm answer sheets, 100 tonal answer sheets, CD with tonal and rhythm tests, introduction to testing booklet and two research monographs, one set of scoring masks, manual, 100 student profile cards, and four class record sheets. Items also available separately.

SKU: CF.YAS19

ISBN 9780825854859. UPC: 798408054854. 8.5 X 11 inches. Key: D major.

Summer Dance is a melodic, up-tempo piece with plenty of musical and technical challenges for every player. Musicians should strive to play it with an energetic yet legato feel. A spirited introduction features an opening melody in the violins and active repeated-note pedal patters in the violas and low strings. An AABA form begins at m.5 and the orchestration is immediately pared down to feature violin I and cello. It then builds again in density to the B section, where a quick dynamic drop allows a question-and-answer melody between the two parts to sing out. In m. 29, the melody is harmonized and a countermelody in violin I introduced. The violins take the melody soaring in octaves in m. 33, as the piece again builds to the B section and suddenly quiets. Measure 55 then provides more question-and-answer interplay, this time for viola and cello, while violin continues with its newly harmonized melody. Summer Dance finishes with a soft recurrence of the opening figure and a build toward a powerful divisi voicing on beat 3 of m. 63, right before the final chord.
Summer Dance is a melodic, up-tempo piece with plenty of musical and technical challenges for every player. Musicians should strive to play it with an energetic yetA legato feel. A spirited introduction features an opening melody in the violins and active repeated-note pedal patters in the violas and low strings. An AABA form begins at m.5 and the orchestration is immediately pared down to feature violin I and cello. It then builds again in density to the B section, where a quick dynamic drop allows a question-and-answer melody between the two parts to sing out. In m. 29, the melody is harmonized and a countermelody in violin I introduced. The violins take the melody soaring in octaves in m. 33, as the piece again builds to the B section and suddenly quiets. Measure 55 then provides more question-and-answer interplay, this time for viola and cello, while violin continues with its newly harmonized melody. Summer Dance finishes with a soft recurrence of the opening figure and a build toward a powerfulA divisi voicing on beat 3 of m. 63, right before the final chord.
Summer Dance is a melodic, up-tempo piece with plenty of musical and technical challenges for every player. Musicians should strive to play it with an energetic yet legato feel. A spirited introduction features an opening melody in the violins and active repeated-note pedal patters in the violas and low strings. An AABA form begins at m.5 and the orchestration is immediately pared down to feature violin I and cello. It then builds again in density to the B section, where a quick dynamic drop allows a question-and-answer melody between the two parts to sing out. In m. 29, the melody is harmonized and a countermelody in violin I introduced. The violins take the melody soaring in octaves in m. 33, as the piece again builds to the B section and suddenly quiets. Measure 55 then provides more question-and-answer interplay, this time for viola and cello, while violin continues with its newly harmonized melody. Summer Dance finishes with a soft recurrence of the opening figure and a build toward a powerful divisi voicing on beat 3 of m. 63, right before the final chord.
Summer Dance is a melodic, up-tempo piece with plenty of musical and technical challenges for every player. Musicians should strive to play it with an energetic yet legato feel.A spirited introduction features an opening melody in the violins and active repeated-note pedal patters in the violas and low strings. An AABA form begins at m.5 and the orchestration is immediately pared down to feature violin I and cello. It then builds again in density to the B section, where a quick dynamic drop allows a question-and-answer melody between the two parts to sing out.In m. 29, the melody is harmonized and a countermelody in violin I introduced. The violins take the melody soaring in octaves in m. 33, as the piece again builds to the B section and suddenly quiets. Measure 55 then provides more question-and-answer interplay, this time for viola and cello, while violin continues with its newly harmonized melody. Summer Dance finishes with a soft recurrence of the opening figure and a build toward a powerful divisi voicing on beat 3 of m. 63, right before the final chord.

About Carl Fischer Young String Orchestra Series

Thi s series of Grade 2/Grade 2.5 pieces is designed for second and third year ensembles. The pieces in this series are characterized by:
--Occasionally extending to third position
--Keys carefully considered for appropriate difficulty
--Addition of separate 2nd violin and viola parts
--Viola T.C. part included
--Increase in independence of parts over beginning levels