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A piano sonata is a sonata
written for unaccompanied
piano.
Piano sonatas are usually
written in three or four
movements, although piano
sonatas have been written with
one movement (Scarlatti,
Scriabin), two movements
(Beethoven), five
(Brahms' Third Piano
Sonata) or even
more movements. The first
movement is usually composed
in sonata form.
Piano sonatas in the Classical
era :
Although various composers in
the 17th century had written
Piano pieces which they
entitled "Sonata",
it was only in the
classical era, when the piano
displaced the earlier
harpsichord and sonata form
rose to prominence as a
principle of musical
composition, that the term
"piano
sonata" acquired a
definite meaning and a
characteristic
form.
All the well-known Classical
era composers, especially
Joseph Haydn, Muzio Clementi,
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
and Ludwig van Beethoven,
wrote many piano sonatas.
Muzio Clementi wrote more than
110 piano sonatas. He is
well-known as the "The
Father of the
Pianoforte".
Clementi's Op.2 is the
first real piano sonata. The
much
younger Franz Schubert also
wrote many. The 32 sonatas of
Beethoven, including the
well-known Pathétique
Sonata and
the Moonlight Sonata, are
often considered the pinnacle
of
piano sonata composition.