Variations on a Theme of Scriabin

SKU: CF.YPS217F

ISBN 9781491156551. UPC: 680160915095. 9 x 12 inches.

Hope Remains Within was commissioned by and composed for the Mount Nittany Middle School 7th and 8th Grade Concert Bands. Having heard the students of Mount Nittany perform another work of mine, I was very excited when their director, Johanna Steinbacher, approached me about writing a piece specifically for them. I knew right away that I wanted to write something that would tie in with their non-music curriculum in some way, but I wasn't exactly sure how, or what. Johanna talked to some of her students and learned that, in 7th grade, the students spend a good deal of time studying mythology in their English class. In particular, two clarinet students mentioned how much they enjoyed the story of Pandora. As such, I decided to use that story as the basis of this composition. Hope Remains Within doesn't attempt to re-tell the story, event by event, in musical terms. Instead, my goal was to address what seems to be one of the central issues of the Pandora myth. Though there are some variations, we probably all know the basics as told by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod. Zeus decides to punish Prometheus for stealing fire from heaven and giving it to humans. He and the other gods create Pandora, a beautiful and deceitful woman, and they give her to Prometheus's brother Epimetheus as a bride. Pandora is herself given a jar (according to many sources, jar seems to be a more accurate translation for what we commonly call Pandora's box) which contained numerous evils, diseases, and other pains. Out of curiosity, Pandora opens the jar and releases all of these evils into the world. But one thing remains in the jar: hope. The issue of hope seems to be one of the big interpretive questions of the Pandora myth. Why does hope remain within the jar? Why doesn't it come out of the jar to help humanity? Is hope being held on a pedestal of some sort? Is hope deliberately withheld from humanity? Why was hope in the jar with all those evils in the first place? I'm not enough of a mythological scholar to claim to have definitive answers to those questions, but these are the questions that I've tried to engage from a musical perspective in Hope Remains Within. I encourage the students and listeners to consider their own ideas of what hope is, and where you can find your own hope when needed. Musically, Hope Remains Within draws one of its main themes from the Prometheus Symphony by Alexander Skryabin (Scriabin). The note sequence F-D-Gb -F, heard near Hope's beginning played by alto saxophones and chimes, comes from the opening measures of Skyrabin's work. Given the important role that Prometheus plays in the Pandora myth, this seemed like an appropriate musical gesture to quote. This Prometheus motive is varied throughout the course of the piece, and even provides closure at the end, recast in a major key. Additionally, I have tried to involve a manageable amount of chromaticism in this piece. I have worked from the key of Bb major, no doubt familiar to every student who has ever played an instrument in a band. But I have added three extra notes: Db, Gb, and Ab, which are drawn from the key of Bb minor. During the piece's slow opening, I have allowed these minor key pitches to mingle freely within the Bb major tonality, adding extra color and (I hope!) beauty. As the piece progresses, though, the tempo increases, and we lose sense of the Bb major key entirely, and these extra notes play a more important role. But finally, Bb major returns triumphantly and all the extra notes are gone, except for a brief memory near the very end. (Ok, there are a couple of E-naturals that sneak in there along the way. I couldn't resist.).
Hope Remains Within was commissioned by and composed for the Mount Nittany Middle School 7th and 8th Grade Concert Bands. Having heard the students of Mount Nittany perform another work of mine, I was very excited when their director, Johanna Steinbacher, approached me about writing a piece specifically for them. I knew right away that I wanted to write something that would tie in with their non-music curriculum in some way, but I wasn’t exactly sure how, or what. Johanna talked to some of her students and learned that, in 7th grade, the students spend a good deal of time studying mythology in their English class. In particular, two clarinet students mentioned how much they enjoyed the story of Pandora.As such, I decided to use that story as the basis of this composition. Hope Remains Within doesn’t attempt to re-tell the story, event by event, in musical terms. Instead, my goal was to address what seems to be one of the central issues of the Pandora myth. Though there are some variations, we probably all know the basics as told by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod. Zeus decides to punish Prometheus for stealing fire from heaven and giving it to humans. He and the other gods create Pandora, a beautiful and deceitful woman, and they give her to Prometheus’s brother Epimetheus as a bride. Pandora is herself given a jar (according to many sources, “jar” seems to be a more accurate translation for what we commonly call “Pandora’s box”) which contained numerous evils, diseases, and other pains. Out of curiosity, Pandora opens the jar and releases all of these evils into the world. But one thing remains in the jar: hope.The issue of hope seems to be one of the big interpretive questions of the Pandora myth. Why does hope remain within the jar? Why doesn’t it come out of the jar to help humanity? Is hope being held on a pedestal of some sort? Is hope deliberately withheld from humanity? Why was hope in the jar with all those evils in the first place?I’m not enough of a mythological scholar to claim to have definitive answers to those questions, but these are the questions that I’ve tried to engage from a musical perspective in Hope Remains Within. I encourage the students and listeners to consider their own ideas of what hope is, and where you can find your own hope when needed.Musically, Hope Remains Within draws one of its main themes from the Prometheus Symphony by Alexander Skryabin (Scriabin). The note sequence F-D-Gb -F, heard near Hope’s beginning played by alto saxophones and chimes, comes from the opening measures of Skyrabin’s work. Given the important role that Prometheus plays in the Pandora myth, this seemed like an appropriate musical gesture to quote. This Prometheus motive is varied throughout the course of the piece, and even provides closure at the end, recast in a major key.Additionally, I have tried to involve a manageable amount of chromaticism in this piece. I have worked from the key of Bb major, no doubt familiar to every student who has ever played an instrument in a band. But I have added three extra notes: Db, Gb, and Ab, which are drawn from the key of Bb minor. During the piece’s slow opening, I have allowed these minor key pitches to mingle freely within the Bb major tonality, adding extra color and (I hope!) beauty. As the piece progresses, though, the tempo increases, and we lose sense of the Bb major key entirely, and these extra notes play a more important role. But finally, Bb major returns triumphantly and all the extra notes are gone, except for a brief memory near the very end. (Ok, there are a couple of E-naturals that sneak in there along the way. I couldn’t resist.).

SKU: BR.PB-4862-07

World premiere: Hannover, March 13, 1972

ISBN 9790004206591. 7 x 9.5 inches.

Variationen (Ouverture / Thema / Variation / Coda), Lyrisches Intermezzo (Sostenuto), Symphonische Nachklange (Allegro con moto).Immer wieder lassen sich Komponisten von Themen alterer oder auch zeitgenossischer Meister zu Variations-Zyklen anregen (Brahms: Handel- und Haydn-Variationen, Reger: Mozart-Variationen, Holler: Sweelinck-Variationen). Themen von Robert Schumann fanden bisher relativ selten Beachtung - (Regers Schumann-Variationen fur zwei Klaviere sind eine Ausnahme) - vielleicht, weil sie zu sehr in sich vollendet und abgeschlossen sind und deshalb kaum Moglichkeiten zur Veranderung enthalten. Dennoch beschaftigte mich schon langer die Idee, eine ,,Musik mit Schumann, Nachklange oder Erinnerungen an Schumann zu gestalten, mit der Absicht, ein heiteres, liebenswurdiges (und nachdenkliches) Werk zu schreiben, einmal ohne Experimente-, als ,,Divertimento fur den Normalhorer, gelegentlich behutsam verbunden mit modernen Techniken - nicht ohne hintergrundigen Humor. Der 1. Satz wurde inspiriert von den ,,Papillons (opus 2 fur Klavier); er gliedert sich in vier variationsahnliche Abschnitte. Die ,,Ouverture exponiert drei kurze Themen, die sich trotz ihres gegensatzlichen Charakters wie selbstverstandlich erganzen (Einleitungsgirlande und Schlussfanfare der Papillons und das bekannte Anfangsmotiv aus ,,Vogel als Prophet). Die Abschnitte ,,Thema, ,,Variationen und ,,Coda entwickeln und verandern das Hauptthema der ,,Papillons; dieses dominiert uber weite Strecken des Satzes und wird mit den Motiven der Ouverture kombiniert. Vielfaltig gegliedert ist das ,,Lyrische Intermezzo. Zu Beginn gewinnt ein Motiv aus den ,,Nachtstucken (fur Klavier) Bedeutung, taucht mehrere Male auf, von mehrtonigen b-a-c-h Clustern ,,gestort. Im Mittelpunkt stehen das Thema des 2. Satzes der g-moll Klavier-Sonate op. 22 (ein Mondnachtlied ohne Worte; Holzblaser) und ein Adagio-Gedanke aus dem Klavier-Zyklus ,,Kreisleriana (tiefe Streicher); beide Themen werden kontrapunktiert von zwolftonigen Strukturen und Klangbandern (Holzblaser). Die ,,Fruhlings-Symphonie-Fanfare eroffnet das Finale. Danach bilden sich uber rotierenden Klangflachen (Streicher) einzelne Tone und Intervalle, aleatorisch frei, verdichten sich, wie aus der Erinnerung auftauchend, zu Motiven aus Schumanns bekanntester Symphonie. Nach diesem zogernden Beginn entwickelt sich ein fast klassisch anmutender Sonaten-Durchfuhrungsteil mit mehreren melodischen Gedanken (Kopfmotiv der g-moll Klaviersonate, tanzerische und ostinate Themen aus der Fruhlings-Symphonie), die zum Teil in- und ubereinander geschichtet werden, bis auf dem Hohepunkt des Satzes das Schlussthema der Klavierfantasie op. 17, pathetisch-ironisch in den Blechblasern erklingt. Eine kurze Reprise mit dem Hauptgedanken fuhrt zur Anfangsfanfare zuruck; der Satz verklingt im pianissimo. Wollte man dem ganzen opus ein Motto voranstellen, dann die Schumann-Uberschrift (aus den Kinderszenen) : ,,Fast zu ernst - aber eben nur ,,fast. (Jurg Baur)CD:Sinfonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks, cond. Hanns-Martin SchneidtCD Thorofon CTH 2270 Bibliography:Wallerang, Lars: Die Orchesterwerke Jurg Baurs als Dialog zwischen Tradition und Moderne, Koln: Dohr 2003.Nonnenmann, Rainer: Vergegenwartigungen. Umgang mit historischem Material bei Zimmermann, Baur, Killmayer, Schnebel und Zender, in: Jurg Baur, hrsg. von Ulrich Tadday (= Musik-Konzepte. Neue Folge, Heft 184/185), Munchen: Edition Text+Kritik 2019, S. 26-46.