ROUGH BREATHING/SMOOTH BREATHING DATE OF COMPOSITION : 1984 ESPRIT RUDE/ESPRIT DOUX FOR FLUTE AND CLARINET WAS COMPOSED FOR THE CELEBRATION OF PIERRE BOULEZ'S 60TH BIRTHDAY ON MARCH 31, 1985 IN BADEN-BADEN. THE TITLE, TRANSLATED AS ROUGH BREATHING/SMOOTH BREATHING , REFERS TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF CLASSICAL GREEK WORDS BEGINNING WITH A VOWEL OR AN �?R�?. WITH �?ESPRIT RUDE�? (ROUGH BREATHING) THE INITIAL VOWEL (OR R ) IS TO BE PRECEDED BY A SOUNDED H , AND IS INDICATED BY A REVERSED COMMA ABOVE THE LETTER. WITH ESPRIT DOUX (SMOOTH BREATHING) THE INITIAL VOWEL IS NOT TO BE PRECEDED BY H AND IS INDICATED BY A COMMA ABOVE THE VOWEL. IN THE GREEK FOR SIXTIETH YEAR (TRANSLITERATED AS HEXèKOSTON ETOS ) THE INITIAL EPSILON OF THE FIRST WORD HAS A ROUGH BREATHING SIGN WHILE THE EPSILON OF THE SECOND HAS A SMOOTH ONE. EDITION : PERFORMANCE SCORE
