John Williams History and Biography (Lire version française)

John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932) is one of the most widely recognized composers of film scores. As of 2006, he has received 45 Academy Award nominations, an accomplishment surpassed only by Walt Disney. Williams is best known for heroic, rousing themes to adventure and fantasy films. This includes some of the highest grossing films of all time, such as Star Wars, Superman, Jaws, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Jurassic Park, and the first three Harry Potter movies. His richly thematic and highly popular 1977 score to the first Star Wars film was selected by the American Film Institute as the greatest American movie score of all time. So far, five of his film scores have won Oscars. His long career has also included many sensitive dramatic scores (such as Schindler's List and Saving Private Ryan) and more experimental concert works. As of March 2006, his latest works include the scores for the recent movies Munich and Memoirs of a Geisha. While skilled in a variety of twentieth-century compositional idioms, his most familiar style may be described as a form of neoromanticism, informed by the large-scale orchestral music of the late 19th century especially Wagnerian music and leitmotif, and that of Williams's film-composing predecessors. The influence of Korngold and other Hollywood Golden Age composers is strong in much of Williams' most famous work. Early life John Williams was born in Floral Park, New York. In 1948, John Williams and his family moved to Los Angeles, California, where he attended UCLA. He also studied composition privately with Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, who also taught another famous film score composer, Jerry Goldsmith. In 1952, Williams was drafted and entered the United States Air Force, where he conducted and arranged music for Air Force bands. When discharged in 1954, he returned to New York. There, he went to Juilliard, the alma mater of musicians including the composer Philip Glass and violinist Itzhak Perlman (with whom Williams released an album, Cinema Serenade, in 1997). He studied piano at the school with Rosina Lhevinne. In New York, he worked as a jazz pianist. He also played with noted composer Henry Mancini and even performed on the recording of the famous Peter Gunn theme. In the early 1960s, he served as arranger/bandleader on a series of popular albums with singing great Frankie Laine. Film scoring   Williams conducting the London Symphony Orchestra during the recording of the score for Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace.Williams later returned to Los Angeles, where he started working in the film studios. There he worked with some of the finest film score composers of that time: Franz Waxman, Bernard Herrmann, and Alfred Newman. He began his career composing TV scores for series including Gilligan's Island, Lost in Space, and The Time Tunnel. In the early 1970s, he established himself as a composer for big-budget disaster films with scores for The Towering Inferno, Earthquake, and The Poseidon Adventure. In 1974, Williams was approached by a young Steven Spielberg to write the music for his feature debut, The Sugarland Express. They re-teamed for the director's second film, Jaws, featuring an ominous two-note motif representing the shark. Spielberg's friendship with director George Lucas led to Williams's composing for the Star Wars movies. Over thirty years later, the Williams-Spielberg collaboration has proven to be one of Hollywood's most enduring and fruitful. To date, Williams has composed the music to all but one of Spielberg's movies (Quincy Jones was composer for 1985's The Color Purple). He has been nominated for 45 Academy Awards, of which he has won five (for Jaws, Star Wars, now known as Episode IV: A New Hope, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Schindler's List, and for arrangements in Fiddler on the Roof). He currently holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for a living person and has the same number of Oscar nominations as Alfred Newman. He also holds the record for the most Academy Award losses ever. Williams has received two Emmy Awards, seven BAFTAs, eighteen Grammy Awards, and has been inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame and the Hollywood Bowl Hall of Fame. In 2004 he received a Kennedy Center Honor. He also won a Classical Brit award in 2005 for his soundtrack work of the previous year. On January 16, 2006, Williams won a Golden Globe, his fourth, for his score in Memoirs of a Geisha. John is also a member of Kappa Kappa Psi, the national honorary fraternity for college band members Notable film music The following list consists of films for which John Williams wrote the score and/or songs. Those films for which his music won an Oscar are in bold-face. Munich (2005) Oscar nomination Memoirs of a Geisha (2005) Golden Globe and BAFTA winner, Oscar nomination War of the Worlds (2005) Grammy nomination Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) double Grammy nominations The Terminal (2004) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) Grammy & Oscar nominations Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Grammy nomination Minority Report (2002) Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) Catch Me If You Can (2002) Oscar nomination Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001) double Grammy & Oscar nomination A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (2001) Grammy & Oscar nominations The Patriot (2000) Oscar nomination Angela's Ashes (1999) Grammy & Oscar nomination Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) Grammy nomination Saving Private Ryan (1998) Grammy & Oscar nomination Stepmom (1998) The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) Amistad (1997) Grammy & Oscar nominations Seven Years in Tibet (1997) Sleepers (1996) Oscar nomination Sabrina (1995) double Oscar nominations Nixon (1995) Oscar nomination Schindler's List (1993) Oscar, Grammy and BAFTA winner Jurassic Park (1993) Far and Away (1992) Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) JFK (1991) Oscar nomination Hook (1991) Grammy & Oscar nominations Home Alone (1990) double Oscar nominations Presumed Innocent (1990) Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Oscar nomination Born on the Fourth of July (1989) Oscar nomination The Accidental Tourist (1988) Oscar nomination The Witches of Eastwick (1987) Oscar nomination Empire of the Sun (1987) Oscar nomination, BAFTA winner Space Camp (1985) The River (1984) Oscar nomination Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) Oscar nomination Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) Oscar nomination E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Golden Globe, Oscar & BAFTA winner Yes, Giorgio (1982) Oscar nomination Monsignor (1982) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) double Grammy & Oscar nomination Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) double Grammy & Oscar nomination, BAFTA winner Dracula (1979) Superman (1978) double Grammy & Oscar nomination The Fury (1978) Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) Oscar nomination Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) Oscar, Golden Globe & BAFTA winner The Missouri Breaks (1976) Family Plot (1976) Jaws (1975) Golden Globe, BAFTA & Oscar winner The Towering Inferno (1974) Oscar nomination Tom Sawyer (1973) Oscar nomination The Paper Chase (1973) Cinderella Liberty (1973) Oscar nomination The Cowboys (1972) The Poseidon Adventure (1972) Oscar nomination Images (1972) Oscar nomination Fiddler on the Roof (1971) Oscar winner Jane Eyre (1970) Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969) Oscar nomination The Reivers (1969) Oscar nomination A Guide for the Married Man (1967) Valley of the Dolls (1967) Oscar nomination John Goldfarb, Please Come Home! (1965) Daddy-O (1958) [edit] Notable television themes NBC Nightly News Meet The Press Amazing Stories Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure (Wicket's theme reprised from Return of the Jedi) Land of the Giants Lost in Space Collaborations with Steven Spielberg John Williams' relationship with producer/director Steven Spielberg has been long and fruitful. Their second project together: Jaws grossed well over 300 million dollars at the box office and elevated director and composer to previously unattained heights of stardom. The dynamic production duo of Williams and Spielberg would go on to team up on over twenty other successful projects, including: Munich The Terminal War of the Worlds The Indiana Jones trilogy E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial Empire of the Sun Amistad Saving Private Ryan Schindler's List Jurassic Park and The Lost World: Jurassic Park Always Hook 1941 Jaws The Sugarland Express Close Encounters of the Third Kind Catch Me If You Can Minority Report AI: Artificial Intelligence See also List of noted film director and composer collaborations Conducting and performing From 1980 to 1993, Williams succeeded the legendary Arthur Fiedler as Principal Conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra. He is now the Laureate Conductor of the Pops, thus maintaining his affiliation with its parent, the Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO), resident of Symphony Hall in the Massachusetts capitol. Williams leads the Pops on several occasions each year, particularly during their Holiday Pops season and typically for a week of concerts in May. He also frequently enlists the Tanglewood Festival Chorus, official chorus of the BSO, to provide a choral accompaniment to films (such as Saving Private Ryan). He is an accomplished pianist, as can be heard in various scores in which he provides solos, as well as a handful of classical recordings. Williams has written many concert pieces, including a symphony, Concerto for Clarinet written for Michele Zukovsky of the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 1991, a sinfonietta for wind ensemble, a cello concerto premiered by Yo-Yo Ma and the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood in 1994, concertos for the flute and violin recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra, tuba, and a trumpet concerto, which was premiered by the Cleveland Orchestra and their principal trumpet Michael Sachs in September 1996. His bassoon concerto, The Five Sacred Trees, which was premiered by the New York Philharmonic and principal bassoon player Judith LeClair in 1995, was recorded for Sony Classical by Williams with LeClair and the London Symphony Orchestra. In addition, Williams has composed the well-known NBC News theme "The Mission", "Liberty Fanfare" composed for the re-dedication of the Statue of Liberty, "We're Lookin' Good!," composed for the Special Olympics in celebration of the 1987 International Summer Games, and themes for the 1984, 1988, 1996, and 2002 Olympic games. His most recent concert work "Seven for Luck", for soprano and orchestra, is a seven-piece song cycle based on the texts of former U.S. Poet Laureate Rita Dove. "Seven for Luck" was given its world premiere by the Boston Symphony under Williams with soprano Cynthia Haymon. Awards Academy Awards Fiddler on the Roof (1971) (Scoring: Adaptation and Original Song Score) Jaws (1975) (Original Score) Star Wars (1977) (Original Score) E.T. (1982) (Original Score) Schindler's List (1993) (Original Score) Grammy awards Jaws (1975) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture) Star Wars (1977) (Best Pop Instrumental Performance) Main Title from Star Wars (1977) (Best Instrumental Composition) Star Wars (1977) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture) Theme from Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1978) (Best Instrumental Composition) Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1978) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture) Main Title Theme from Superman (1979) (Best Instrumental Composition) Superman (1979) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture) The Empire Strikes Back (1980) (Best Instrumental Composition) The Empire Strikes Back (1980) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture) "Flying" (Theme from E.T.) (1982) (Best Instrumental Composition) E.T. (1982) (Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture) "Flying" (Theme from E.T.) (1982) (Best Arrangement on an Instrumental Recording) Olympic Fanfare and Theme (1984) (Best Instrumental Composition) Schindler's List (1994) (Instrumental Composition for a Motion Picture or Television) Saving Private Ryan (1998) (Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television) Theme from Angela's Ashes (2000) (Best Instrumental Composition) Golden Globe Awards Jaws (1975) (Best Original Score) Star Wars (1977) (Best Original Score) E.T. (1982) (Best Original Score) Memoirs of a Geisha (2005) (Best Original Score) Emmy Awards Heidi (1968) (Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition) Jane Eyre (1971) (Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition)   Source : Wikipedia.org

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